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  2. Grade (slope) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope)

    If one looks at red numbers on the chart specifying grade, one can see the quirkiness of using the grade to specify slope; the numbers go from 0 for flat, to 100% at 45 degrees, to infinity as it approaches vertical. Slope may still be expressed when the horizontal run is not known: the rise can be divided by the hypotenuse (the slope length).

  3. List of drill and tap sizes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_drill_and_tap_sizes

    Example (inch, coarse): For size 7 ⁄ 16 (this is the diameter of the intended screw in fraction form)-14 (this is the number of threads per inch; 14 is considered coarse), 0.437 in × 0.85 = 0.371 in. Therefore, a size 7 ⁄ 16 screw (7 ⁄ 16 ≈ 0.437) with 14 threads per inch (coarse) needs a tap drill with a diameter of about 0.371 inches.

  4. Volume fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_fraction

    Volume percent is the concentration of a certain solute, measured by volume, in a solution.It has as a denominator the volume of the mixture itself, as usual for expressions of concentration, [2] rather than the total of all the individual components’ volumes prior to mixing:

  5. Rounding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding

    In some contexts it is desirable to round a given number x to a "neat" fraction – that is, the nearest fraction y = m/n whose numerator m and denominator n do not exceed a given maximum. This problem is fairly distinct from that of rounding a value to a fixed number of decimal or binary digits, or to a multiple of a given unit m .

  6. Heat transfer coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer_coefficient

    Although convective heat transfer can be derived analytically through dimensional analysis, exact analysis of the boundary layer, approximate integral analysis of the boundary layer and analogies between energy and momentum transfer, these analytic approaches may not offer practical solutions to all problems when there are no mathematical models applicable.

  7. Distribution of wealth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_of_wealth

    Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; ... Tables to the 2006 report in Excel (including Gini coefficients for 229 countries). ... 48.0: 6.1: 0.9:

  8. Doubling time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubling_time

    The doubling time is the time it takes for a population to double in size/value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things that tend to grow over time.

  9. Solar irradiance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance

    Global Map of Global Horizontal Radiation [5] Global Map of Direct Normal Radiation [5]. There are several measured types of solar irradiance. Total solar irradiance (TSI) is a measure of the solar power over all wavelengths per unit area incident on the Earth's upper atmosphere.