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, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University Press, New York, 1996 (Google Books) Kennedy, Hugh N. (1998). "Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641–868". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 62– 85. ISBN 978-0-521-47137-4.
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
826: Abdallah ibn Tahir, appointed as Governor of Egypt. 827: Ali al-Hadi, the 10th Shia Imam is born. Ma'mun declares the Mu'tazili creed as the state religion. Beginning of the Muslim conquest of Sicily. 828: Abdallah ibn Tahir appointed as Governor of Khorasan by Al-Ma'mun in 828. 833: 9 August— Death of Ma'mun. Accession of al-Mu'tasim.
The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The family came to power in the Abbasid Revolution in 748–750, supplanting the Umayyad Caliphate.
Lists of rulers of Egypt: List of pharaohs (c. 3100 BC – 30 BC) List of Satraps of the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC) List of Satraps of the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC) List of governors of Roman Egypt (30 BC – 639 AD) List of rulers of Islamic Egypt (640–1517) List of Rashidun emirs (640–658) List of Umayyad wali (659–750)
The caliphs are also known in Muslim history as the "orthodox" or "patriarchal" caliphs. [5] Following Muhammad's death in June 632, Muslim leaders debated who should succeed him. Unlike later caliphs, Rashidun were often chosen by some form of a small group of high-ranking companions of the Prophet in shūrā (lit.
1832: Turks defeated in the battle of Konya by Egyptian forces. 1833: At the urging of France, the Convention of Kütahya ended the war between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire and provided that the empire grant the sultan of Egypt all of Syria and Adana.
The Islamization of Egypt occurred after the seventh-century Muslim conquest, in which the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate seized control of Egypt from the Christian dominated Byzantine Empire. Egypt and other conquered territories in the Middle East gradually underwent a large-scale conversion from Christianity to Islam , motivated in part by a ...