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Blumenbach's classification of the single human species into five varieties (later called "races") (1793/1795): the Caucasian or white race. Blumenbach was the first to use this term for Europeans, and he also included Middle Easterners and South Asians in the same category. [17] the Mongolian or yellow race, including all East Asians.
Although Blumenbach's work was later used in scientific racism, Blumenbach was a monogenist and did not believe the human "varieties" were inherently inferior to each other. However he believed in the "degenerative hypothesis", and believed that the Malay race were a transitory form between Caucasians and Ethiopians. [3] [8] Malay variety.
Blumenbach counts the inhabitants of North Africa among the "Caucasian race", grouping the other Africans as "Ethiopian race". In this context, he names the " Abyssinians " and " Moors " as peoples through which the "Ethiopian race" gradually "flows together" with the "Caucasian race".
Ethiopian race may refer to: Ethiopian people; Ethiopid race; Negroid race, as defined by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in Handbuch der Naturgeschichte (1779), peoples of most of Africa, Australia, New Guinea and other Pacific Islands
the Ethiopian or black race, including all sub-Saharan Africans. the American or red race, including all Native Americans. Blumenbach argued that physical characteristics like the collective characteristic types of facial structure and hair characteristics, skin color, cranial profile, etc., depended on geography and nutrition and custom.
The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, the Mongoloid race, the Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid), the American Indian race, and the Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. [62]
The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid, [a] Europid, or Europoid) [2] is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race. [3] [4] [5] The Caucasian race was historically regarded as a biological taxon which, depending on which of the historical race classifications was being used, usually included ancient and modern populations from all or parts of ...
The color adjectives used in 1779 are weiss "white" (Caucasian race), gelbbraun "yellow-brown" (Mongolian race), schwarz "black" (Aethiopian race), kupferrot "copper-red" (American race) and schwarzbraun "black-brown" (Malayan race). [11] Blumenbach belonged to a group known as the Göttingen school of history, which helped to popularize his ideas.