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In the case of the number 4, partitions 4 and 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 are conjugate pairs, and partitions 3 + 1 and 2 + 1 + 1 are conjugate of each other. Of particular interest are partitions, such as 2 + 2, which have themselves as conjugate. Such partitions are said to be self-conjugate. [7] Claim: The number of self-conjugate partitions is the same ...
The function q(n) gives the number of these strict partitions of the given sum n. For example, q(3) = 2 because the partitions 3 and 1 + 2 are strict, while the third partition 1 + 1 + 1 of 3 has repeated parts. The number q(n) is also equal to the number of partitions of n in which only odd summands are permitted. [20]
Partitions of a 4-element set ordered by refinement. A partition α of a set X is a refinement of a partition ρ of X—and we say that α is finer than ρ and that ρ is coarser than α—if every element of α is a subset of some element of ρ. Informally, this means that α is a further fragmentation of ρ. In that case, it is written that ...
Generally, a partition is a division of a whole into non-overlapping parts. Among the kinds of partitions considered in mathematics are partition of a set or an ordered partition of a set, partition of a graph, partition of an integer, partition of an interval, partition of unity, partition of a matrix; see block matrix, and
The Stirling number {} is the number of ways to partition a set of cardinality n into exactly k nonempty subsets. Thus, in the equation relating the Bell numbers to the Stirling numbers, each partition counted on the left hand side of the equation is counted in exactly one of the terms of the sum on the right hand side, the one for which k is ...
Thought of partitively, a division problem might be solved by sorting the initial quantity into a specific number of groups by adding items to each group in turn. For instance, a deck of 52 playing cards could be divided among 4 players by dealing the cards to into 4 piles one at a time, eventually yielding piles of 13 cards each.