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Membrane attack complex (Terminal complement complex C5b-9) A membrane attack complex attached to a pathogenic cell The membrane attack complex (MAC) or terminal complement complex (TCC) is a complex of proteins typically formed on the surface of pathogen cell membranes as a result of the activation of the host's complement system, and as such is an effector of the immune system.
P-TEFb mediates a transition into productive elongation by phosphorylating the two negative factors and the polymerase and is regulated by association with the 7SK snRNP. The positive transcription elongation factor, P-TEFb , is a multiprotein complex that plays an essential role in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II ...
The elongation factor EF-Tu has been shown to stabilize the bond by preventing weak acyl linkages from being hydrolyzed. [ 12 ] All together, the actual stability of the ester bond influences the susceptibility of the aa-tRNA to hydrolysis within the body at physiological pH and ion concentrations.
EF-G (elongation factor G, historically known as translocase) is a prokaryotic elongation factor involved in mRNA translation. As a GTPase , EF-G catalyzes the movement (translocation) of transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) through the ribosome .
EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) is a prokaryotic elongation factor responsible for catalyzing the binding of an aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome. It is a G-protein , and facilitates the selection and binding of an aa-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome.
The elongation phase starts once assembly of the elongation complex has been completed, and progresses until a termination sequence is encountered. [1] The post-initiation movement of RNA polymerase is the target of another class of important regulatory mechanisms.
In normal mRNA translation, the ribosome binds to the transcript and begins amino acid chain elongation. It continues on until it reaches the location of the exon junction complex, which it then displaces. Next, translation is complete when the ribosome reaches a termination codon.
English: This is a diagram of cell elongation in plants. In sum, acidity in the cell wall causes the cell wall to become more flexible. Then, an influx of water into the vacuole of the plant cell will cause the plant cell to lengthen due to the cell wall flexibility.