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Atterberg limits. The Atterberg limits are a basic measure of the critical water contents of a fine-grained soil: its shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit. Depending on its water content, soil may appear in one of four states: solid, semi-solid, plastic and liquid. In each state, the consistency and behavior of soil are different ...
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is a widely used mathematical model that describes soil erosion processes. [1]Erosion models play critical roles in soil and water resource conservation and nonpoint source pollution assessments, including: sediment load assessment and inventory, conservation planning and design for sediment control, and for the advancement of scientific understanding.
Volumetric water content, θ, is defined mathematically as: θ. where is the volume of water and is equal to the total volume of the wet material, i.e. of the sum of the volume of solid host material (e.g., soil particles, vegetation tissue) , of water , and of air . Gravimetric water content[ 1 ] is expressed by mass (weight) as follows:
The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. The test is named in honor of Ralph Roscoe Proctor [de], who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends on ...
Base-cation saturation ratio (BCSR) is a method of interpreting soil test results that is widely used in sustainable agriculture, supported by the National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service (ATTRA) [ 1] and claimed to be successfully in use on over a million acres (4,000 km 2) of farmland worldwide. The traditional method, as used by ...
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil.
The runoff curve number is based on the area's hydrologic soil group, land use, treatment and hydrologic condition. References, such as from USDA [ 1 ] indicate the runoff curve numbers for characteristic land cover descriptions and a hydrologic soil group. The runoff equation is: where. has a range from 30 to 100; lower numbers indicate low ...
Available water capacity. Available water capacity is the amount of water that can be stored in a soil profile and be available for growing crops. [1] It is also known as available water content (AWC), profile available water (PAW) [2] or total available water (TAW). The concept, put forward by Frank Veihmeyer and Arthur Hendrickson, [3 ...