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Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) occurs when the airways narrow as a result of exercise. This condition has been referred to as exercise-induced asthma (EIA); however, this term is no longer preferred. [1] While exercise does not cause asthma, it is frequently an asthma trigger.
Physiology. Bronchoconstriction is defined as the narrowing of the airways in the lungs (bronchi and bronchioles). Air flow in air passages can get restricted in three ways: [3] a spasmodic state of the smooth muscles in bronchi and bronchioles. an inflammation in the middle layers of the bronchi and bronchioles. excessive production of mucus.
Specialty. Pulmonology. Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. It causes difficulty in breathing which ranges from mild to severe.
Diagnosis. Exertional rhabdomyolysis, the exercise-induced muscle breakdown that results in muscle pain/soreness, is commonly diagnosed using the urine myoglobin test accompanied by high levels of creatine kinase (CK). Myoglobin is the protein released into the bloodstream when skeletal muscle is broken down.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (or other combinations with airway or hyperreactivity, BH used as a general abbreviation) [1] is a state characterised by easily triggered bronchospasm (contraction of the bronchioles or small airways). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can be assessed with a bronchial challenge test. This most often uses products like ...
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. [4] It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. [9][10] Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. [3]
Salbutamol is typically used to treat bronchospasm (due to any cause—allergic asthma or exercise-induced), as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [8] It is also one of the most common medicines used in rescue inhalers (short-term bronchodilators to alleviate asthma attacks). [17] As a β 2 agonist, salbutamol also has use in ...
Specialty. Pulmonology. Asthma is a common pulmonary condition defined by chronic inflammation of respiratory tubes, tightening of respiratory smooth muscle, and episodes of bronchoconstriction. [1] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1 in 11 children and 1 in 12 adults have asthma in the United States of America. [1]