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"The history and problems in the making of education policy at the World Bank, 1960–2000." International Journal of Educational Development 23 (2003) 315–337; Hurni, Bettina S. The Lending Policy Of The World Bank In The 1970s (1980) Mason, Edward S., and Robert E. Asher. The world bank since Bretton Woods (Brookings Institution Press, 2010).
The World Bank Institute is the capacity development branch of the World Bank, providing learning and other capacity-building programs to member countries. The IBRD has 189 member governments, and the other institutions have between 153 and 184. [2] The institutions of the World Bank Group are all run by a board of governors meeting once a year ...
The price of gold, as denominated in US dollars, was stable until the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the mid-1970s. The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial relations among the United States, Canada, Western European countries, and Australia and other countries, a total of 44 countries [1] after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement.
Woods was first called to the World Bank by Eugene Black, the World Bank's president from 1949 to 1962, who was an old associate and friend from Harris, Forbes. [1] While at the World Bank, Black had asked him to help out on special assignments for the bank. [1] Woods had thereby become familiar with the workings of the World Bank. [1]
In 1791, Congress chartered the First Bank of the United States. The bank, which was jointly owned by the federal government and private stockholders, was a nationwide commercial bank which served as the bank for the federal government and operated as a regular commercial bank acting in competition with state banks.
Alberto Alesina (1957–2020), Italian political economist. Sadie Alexander (1898–1989), American lawyer and first African American to receive a PhD in economics. Sidney S. Alexander (1916–2005), American economist. Maurice Allais (1911–2010), French economist and 1988 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
Jamaica and the World Bank. Jamaica first joined The World Bank Group (WBG) on 21 February 1963, when the island nation became a member of The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which lends to middle and low income nations. [1] [2] This occurred the same month as Jamaica joining the International Monetary Fund (IMF ...
Between 1860 and 1930, exploitation of the rich land of the pampas strongly pushed economic growth. [ 3 ] During the first three decades of the 20th century, Argentina outgrew Canada and Australia in population, total income, and per capita income. [ 3 ] By 1913, Argentina was among the world's ten wealthiest states per capita.