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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
The left and right sides of the heart are named from a dorsal view, i.e., looking at the heart from the back or from the perspective of the person whose heart it is. There are four chambers in a heart: an atrium (upper) and a ventricle (lower) on both the left and right sides. [1] In mammals and birds, blood from the body goes to the right side ...
a bicuspid pulmonary valve, in 60%; right-sided aortic arch, in 25%; coronary artery anomalies, in 10%; a patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, in which case the syndrome is sometimes called a pentalogy of Fallot [46] an atrioventricular septal defect; partially or totally anomalous pulmonary venous return
right heart pressure is higher than left heart pressure and/or the shunt has a one-way valvular opening. Small physiological, or "normal", shunts are seen due to the return of bronchial artery blood and coronary blood through the Thebesian veins , which are deoxygenated, to the left side of the heart.
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
As there is a chronically increased left-to-right blood flow through the atria, this will lead in the future to right-sided heart failure. Ankle edema: This is also caused by a large ASD and has the same symptoms and causes as seen in weight gain and right upper quadrant pain.