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In human mothers there was a correlation between increased gray matter volume in the substantia nigra and positive emotional feelings towards the infant. [36] [37] Other changes such as menstrual cycle, [38] hydration, weight and nutrition [39] [40] may also be factors which trigger the maternal brain to change during pregnancy and postpartum.
A typical human slow wave is 100-500 mV in amplitude, [14] but the voltage strength declines with the square of the distance between the neural activity and the recording electrode. Even with modern techniques, scientists still have difficulties detecting brain activity recorded from outside the womb.
Endocrinology of parenting has been the subject of considerable study with focus both on human females and males and on females and males of other mammalian species. . Parenting as an adaptive problem in mammals involves specific endocrine signals that were naturally selected to respond to infant cues and environmental
The step lengthens as the pregnancy progresses, due to weight gain and changes in posture. On average, a woman's foot can grow by a half size or more during pregnancy. In addition, the increased body weight of pregnancy, fluid retention, and weight gain lowers the arches of the foot, further adding to the foot's length and width.
It is hypothesized in [66] that the growing structure copies the axonal development of the human brain: the earliest developing connections (axonal fibers) are common at most of the subjects, and the subsequently developing connections have larger and larger variance, because their variances are accumulated in the process of axonal development.
Crystal Methamphetamine is an example of a recreational drug that can have serious negative consequences on fetal memory development if used during pregnancy. Similarly to nutritional intake, drugs consumed by the mother during pregnancy can affect the brain development of her fetus.
The fetal origins hypothesis (differentiated from the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, which emphasizes environmental conditions both before and immediately after birth) proposes that the period of gestation has significant impacts on the developmental health and wellbeing outcomes for an individual ranging from infancy to adulthood.
Human ovary with developed corpus luteum. Maternal recognition of pregnancy is a crucial aspect of carrying a pregnancy to full term. Without maternal recognition to maintain pregnancy, the initial messengers which stop luteolysis and promote foetal implantation, growth and uterine development finish with nothing to replace them and the pregnancy is lost.