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In human mothers there was a correlation between increased gray matter volume in the substantia nigra and positive emotional feelings towards the infant. [36] [37] Other changes such as menstrual cycle, [38] hydration, weight and nutrition [39] [40] may also be factors which trigger the maternal brain to change during pregnancy and postpartum.
The step lengthens as the pregnancy progresses, due to weight gain and changes in posture. On average, a woman's foot can grow by a half size or more during pregnancy. In addition, the increased body weight of pregnancy, fluid retention, and weight gain lowers the arches of the foot, further adding to the foot's length and width.
One line of debate is between two points of view: that of psychological nativism, i.e., the language ability is somehow "hardwired" in the human brain, and usage based theories of language, according to which language emerges through to brain's interaction with environment and activated by general dispositions for social interaction and ...
Crystal Methamphetamine is an example of a recreational drug that can have serious negative consequences on fetal memory development if used during pregnancy. Similarly to nutritional intake, drugs consumed by the mother during pregnancy can affect the brain development of her fetus.
It is hypothesized in [66] that the growing structure copies the axonal development of the human brain: the earliest developing connections (axonal fibers) are common at most of the subjects, and the subsequently developing connections have larger and larger variance, because their variances are accumulated in the process of axonal development.
Endocrinology of parenting has been the subject of considerable study with focus both on human females and males and on females and males of other mammalian species. . Parenting as an adaptive problem in mammals involves specific endocrine signals that were naturally selected to respond to infant cues and environmental
[1]: 24 This hypothesis is originated from experimental studies in non-human mammals, yet the argument that similar effects can be seen in human neurobehavioral development is a much debated topic among scholars. [2] Recent studies, however, have provided evidence in support of prenatal androgen exposure influencing childhood sex-typed behavior.
Cortical white matter increases from childhood (~9 years) to adolescence (~14 years), most notably in the frontal and parietal cortices. [8] Cortical grey matter development peaks at ~12 years of age in the frontal and parietal cortices, and 14–16 years in the temporal lobes (with the superior temporal cortex being last to mature), peaking at about roughly the same age in both sexes ...