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In psychology, punishment is the reduction of a behavior via application of an unpleasant stimulus ("positive punishment") or removal of a pleasant stimulus ("negative punishment"). Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while removing an offending student's recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment.
Remorse is a distressing emotion experienced by an individual who regrets actions which they have done in the past [1] that they deem to be shameful, hurtful, or wrong.Remorse is closely allied to guilt and self-directed resentment.
Non-crime hate incidents (NCHI) in the United Kingdom refer to records kept by the police about actions or speech perceived to demonstrate hostility towards a person's protected characteristics, such as race, religion, sexual orientation, or disability.
NYPD Times Square sign. A zero-tolerance policy is one which imposes a punishment for every infraction of a stated rule. [1] [2] [3] Zero-tolerance policies forbid people in positions of authority from exercising discretion or changing punishments to fit the circumstances subjectively; they are required to impose a predetermined punishment regardless of individual culpability, extenuating ...
One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law. [1] [4] The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. [5]
While the non-apology apology is clearly unsuited to situations where an expression of remorse, contrition, and future change are obviously desirable (e.g. the "happy ending" apology), it may prove extremely useful in situations where little can be done to assuage the apparent offence or prevent its repetition, as when an airline apologises for ...
A status offense is an action that is prohibited only to a certain class of people, and most often applied only to crimes committed by minors. In the United States , the term status offense also refers to an offense such as a traffic violation where motive is not a consideration in determining guilt.
In the first definitive book on defence mechanisms, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), [7] Anna Freud enumerated the ten defence mechanisms that appear in the works of her father, Sigmund Freud: repression, regression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against one's own person, reversal into the opposite, and sublimation or displacement.