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Polycythemia is defined as serum hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin (HgB) exceeding normal ranges expected for age and sex, typically Hct >49% in healthy adult men and >48% in women, or HgB >16.5 g/dL in men or >16.0 g/dL in women. [8] The definition is different for neonates and varies by age in children. [9] [10]
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. If a hemoglobin tests shows that a person's levels are below normal, it means they have a low red blood cell count, which is known as anemia. If the test shows higher levels than normal, it means they have hemoglobinemia. [citation needed] The normal range for hemoglobin is:
The transfusions itself alleviates the symptoms of anemia, and are used to treat the disease that causes transfusion dependence. [9] The recommended restrictive threshold for blood transfusion is a hemoglobin level of 7 to 8 g/dL, while a more liberal threshold is set at 9 to 10 g/dL. [10]
The prevalence of Hemoglobin H disease mirrors that of the hemoglobinopathies. As a whole, they are most prevalent in individuals of Asian, African, and Mediterranean decent. [5] There is a protective effect against malaria for individuals carrying thalassemia genes, which explains the high frequency of thalassemia within the worldwide ...
In adults, blood transfusion is typically recommended when hemoglobin levels are below 70 g/L (7 g/dL) in those who have stable vital signs, unless they have anemia due to a haematinic deficiency. Transfusing at a restrictive haemoglobin threshold of between 70 g/L to 80 g/L (7 to 8g/dL) decreased the proportion of people given a red blood cell ...
The normal hemoglobin types are Hemoglobin A (HbA), which makes up 95–98% of total hemoglobin in adults, Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2), which constitutes 2–3% of total hemoglobin in adults, and Hemoglobin F (HbF), which is the predominant hemoglobin in the fetus during pregnancy, and may persist in small amounts in adults. [1] Hemoglobin variants ...
People who have hemoglobin E trait (heterozygous) are asymptomatic and their state does not usually result in health problems. They may have a low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and very abnormal red blood cells (target cells), but clinical relevance is mainly due to the potential for transmitting E or β-thalassemia. [4]
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is the average concentration of hemoglobin per unit volume of red blood cells and is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. [citation needed] = Normal range: 32-36 g/dL