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For freshwater aquaria, gravel is the most common substrate. To prevent damage to fish, gravel should not be sharp. Aquarium gravel can be as coarse as pea-sized or as fine as 1–2 mm. [1] It is available in a number of colors, and may be naturally colored or dyed, and may have a polymer seal to ensure it does not affect water chemistry. [1]
For a tropical fish tank, maintaining a warm environmental temperature ranging between 75 and 86 °F (24 to 30 °C) enables different tropical fish to thrive at different temperatures. [2] Aquarium substrate usually consists of sand or gravel. Aquarium substrate is important for the fish's health and replicating their natural environment.
Many factors must be balanced in the closed system of an aquarium tank to ensure the success of an aquascape. These factors include filtration , maintaining carbon dioxide at levels sufficient to support photosynthesis underwater, substrate and fertilization , lighting , and algae control.
It desires sandy substrates, inhabiting seagrass meadows in the wild, and will grow wider blades in turbulent water and taller, thinner blades in calmer environments. Out of all the Caulerpa species that are commercially available, this one is the most popular and widespread, commonly used to cover sand beds in marine planted aquariums. [54] [55]
Fine substrates such as sand or peat may clog an undergravel filter. [14] Undergravel filters are still effective even if the substrate bed is uneven. In an uneven gravel bed, water will still flow through both portions of the bed, leaving the more heavily covered areas to cultivate Anaerobic bacteria which can neutralise to build up of nitrate.
Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball but only as deep as the existing root system. If planting a cutting, create a hole 6 to 8 inches deep to support the cutting upright. 4.