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38. It's apparently quite a popular story to "disprove doubting Atheists" regarding the miraculous crossing of the Red Sea by the Israelites during the Exodus of the Hebrew bible that in the late 1970s, archaeological evidence was found at the bottom of the Red Sea of a "chariot army." I first saw it mentioned in this documentary trailer, then ...
Evidence of Israel’s Exodus from Egypt. Dated to c. 1219 B.C.E., the Merneptah Stele is the earliest extrabiblical record of a people group called Israel. Set up by Pharaoh Merneptah to commemorate his military victories, the stele proclaims, “Ashkelon is carried off, and Gezer is captured. Yeno’am is made into nonexistence; Israel is ...
In this free eBook, learn about the Israelites in Egypt and the archaeological context of the Exodus. The Exodus is one of the most dramatic events in the Hebrew Bible—the slavery of the Israelites in Egypt and their miraculous escape across the Red Sea. It is traditionally viewed as the single event that gave birth to the nation of Israel.
The recently discovered Huqoq mosaics include a scene depicting the Israelite Exodus from Egypt. As Huqoq dig director Jodi Magness told National Geographic, “You can see the pharaoh’s soldiers with their chariots and horses drowning, and even being eaten by large fish.”. This is a unique take on the iconic parting of the Red Sea.
The well-preserved mortuary temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu celebrated the pharaoh’s earthly achievements and allowed priests to nourish his soul so he could live forever as a god. The temple is best known for wall carvings providing information about the Philistines, nemeses of the ancient Israelites. Ramesses III ruled Egypt from ...
The Processional Chariot was found well-preserved during excavations at the Pompeii archaeological park. The Destruction of the Roman city of Pompeii, buried under the ash of Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 C.E., is one of the great tragedies of ancient history. It has also been invaluable to archaeologists, providing unique insights into the ...
The famous Babylonian epic Enuma Elish records Marduk’s great victory over Tiamat, the goddess of the primordial sea. A closer parallel is found among the Canaanite literature of ancient Ugarit. In this lengthy victory song, the Canaanite storm god Baal does battle with Yam, the god of the sea, before his throne is established on the heights ...
For it is undoubtedly true that the text of Exodus was prepared centuries after the events it describes. The Exodus would have occurred, in archaeological terms, in the Late Bronze Age (13th century B.C.). According to the Biblical chronology, the Exodus occurred before the establishment of the Israelite monarchy in about 1000 B.C.
Camels play a major role in the Biblical narrative of the patriarchs; the animals are mentioned over 20 times in Genesis alone. However, a recent publication by Tel Aviv University (TAU) archaeologists Erez Ben-Yosef and Lidar Sapir-Hen suggests that camels were not domesticated in Israel until the end of the 10th century B.C.E.
By contrast, in Exodus 10:15 we are told that “nothing green was left of tree or grass of the field in all the land of Egypt.”. Perhaps the most misunderstood of all the plagues is darkness, the ninth plague. In Exodus 10:21–23 we read that a thick darkness descended upon all the land of Egypt for three days.