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Free alkyls occur as neutral radicals, as anions, or as cations. The cations are called carbocations. The anions are called carbanions. The neutral alkyl free radicals have no special name. Such species are usually encountered only as transient intermediates. However, persistent alkyl radicals with half-lives "from seconds to years" have been ...
Iodine compounds are compounds containing the element iodine. Iodine can form compounds using multiple oxidation states. Iodine is quite reactive, but it is much less reactive than the other halogens. For example, while chlorine gas will halogenate carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and sulfur dioxide (to phosgene, nitrosyl chloride, and sulfuryl ...
Allyl group. In organic chemistry, an allyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH2−HC=CH2. It consists of a methylene bridge (−CH2−) attached to a vinyl group (−CH=CH2). [1][2] The name is derived from the scientific name for garlic, Allium sativum. In 1844, Theodor Wertheim isolated an allyl derivative from garlic ...
The association is strongest as a covalent bond and weakest when the pair exists as free ions. [6] In cationic polymerization, the ions tend to be in equilibrium between an ion pair (either tight or solvent-separated) and free ions. [2] The more polar the solvent used in the reaction, the better the solvation and separation of the ions.
Cations are positively (+) charged ions while anions are negatively (−) charged. This can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonics. Cats have paws ⇔ Cations are pawsitive. [23] Ca+ion: The letter t in cation looks like a + (plus) sign. [24] An anion is a negative ion. (An egative ion ⇒ Anion). [25]
Counterions are the mobile ions in ion exchange polymers and colloids. [1] Ion-exchange resins are polymers with a net negative or positive charge. Cation-exchange resins consist of an anionic polymer with countercations, typically Na + (sodium). The resin has a higher affinity for highly charged countercations, for example by Ca 2+ (calcium ...
Methyl group. In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds.
Non-coordinating anion. Anions that interact weakly with cations are termed non-coordinating anions, although a more accurate term is weakly coordinating anion. [1] Non-coordinating anions are useful in studying the reactivity of electrophilic cations. They are commonly found as counterions for cationic metal complexes with an unsaturated ...