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  2. Architecture of Windows NT - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT

    The Windows NT kernel is a hybrid kernel; the architecture comprises a simple kernel, hardware abstraction layer (HAL), drivers, and a range of services (collectively named Executive), which all exist in kernel mode. [1] User mode in Windows NT is made of subsystems capable of passing I/O requests to the appropriate kernel mode device drivers ...

  3. Windows NT - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT

    Kernel mode in Windows NT has full access to the hardware and system resources of the computer. The Windows NT kernel is a hybrid kernel; the architecture comprises a simple kernel, hardware abstraction layer (HAL), drivers, and a range of services (collectively named Executive), which all exist in kernel mode. [29]

  4. Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Microsoft...

    The Windows NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. It has run on IA-32 , x64 , DEC Alpha , MIPS architecture , PowerPC , Itanium , ARMv7 , and ARM64 processors, but currently supported versions run on IA-32 , x64 , ARMv7 , and ARM64 .

  5. Windows Native API - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Native_API

    The Native API is a lightweight application programming interface (API) used by Windows NT's kernel and user mode applications. This API is used in the early stages of Windows NT startup process, when other components and APIs are still unavailable.

  6. Windows 10 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_10

    Kernel type: Hybrid (Windows NT kernel) Userland: Native API Windows API.NET Framework Universal Windows Platform Windows Subsystem for Linux NTVDM (IA-32 only) Default user interface: Windows shell : License: Trialware, [15] Microsoft Software Assurance, MSDN subscription, Microsoft Imagine: Preceded by: Windows 8.1 (2013) Succeeded by ...

  7. ntoskrnl.exe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntoskrnl

    ntoskrnl.exe (short for Windows NT operating system kernel executable), also known as the kernel image, contains the kernel and executive layers of the Microsoft Windows NT kernel, and is responsible for hardware abstraction, process handling, and memory management.

  8. I/O request packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I/O_request_packet

    I/O request packets (IRPs) are kernel mode structures that are used by Windows Driver Model (WDM) and Windows NT device drivers to communicate with each other and with the operating system. They are data structures that describe I/O requests, and can be equally well thought of as "I/O request descriptors" or similar.

  9. Hybrid kernel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_kernel

    The Windows NT operating system family's architecture consists of two layers (user mode and kernel mode), with many different modules within both of these layers.One prominent example of a hybrid kernel is the Microsoft Windows NT kernel that powers all operating systems in the Windows NT family, up to and including Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022, and powers Windows Phone 8, Windows Phone ...