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Constant air volume (CAV) is a type of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system. In a simple CAV system, the supply air flow rate is constant, but the supply air temperature is varied to meet the thermal loads of a space. [1] Most CAV systems are small, and serve a single thermal zone.
The Clean Air Act defines Best available retrofit technology:... in determining best available retrofit technology the State (or the Administrator in determining emission limitations which reflect such technology) shall take into consideration the costs of compliance, the energy and nonair quality environmental impacts of compliance, any existing pollution control technology in use at the ...
Central, "all-air" air-conditioning systems (or package systems) with a combined outdoor condenser/evaporator unit are often installed in North American residences, offices, and public buildings, but are difficult to retrofit (install in a building that was not designed to receive it) because of the bulky air ducts required. [32] (Minisplit ...
The basis of any CAV regulator is the self-balancing mechanism. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is the design of this mechanism that determines the accuracy of maintaining the set flow rate, noise level, minimum regulator resistance, flow range and other parameters.
Unlike constant air volume (CAV) systems, which supply a constant airflow at a variable temperature, VAV systems vary the airflow at a constant or varying temperature. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The advantages of VAV systems over constant-volume systems include more precise temperature control, reduced compressor wear, lower energy consumption by system fans ...
Retrofitting is the addition of new technology or features to older systems. Retrofits can happen for a number of reasons, for example with big capital expenditures like naval vessels, military equipment or manufacturing plants, businesses or governments may retrofit in order to reduce the need to replace a system entirely.
The most basic design of a CAV fume hood only has one opening through which air can pass—the sash opening. [5] Closing the sash on a non-bypass CAV hood will increase face velocity (inflow velocity or "pull"), [a] which is a function of the total volume divided by the area of the sash opening. Thus, the hood's performance (from a safety ...
This mechanism is found very commonly in everyday life, including central heating and air conditioning and in many other machines. Forced convection is often encountered by engineers designing or analyzing heat exchangers, pipe flow, and flow over a plate at a different temperature than the stream (the case of a shuttle wing during re-entry, for example).