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The natural history of a disease is sometimes said to start at the moment of exposure to causal agents. [2] Knowledge of the natural history of disease ranks alongside causal understanding in importance for disease prevention and control. Natural history of disease is one of the major elements of descriptive epidemiology. [2]
Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered ...
In some infectious diseases, the severity of symptoms has been shown to be dependent on specific genetic traits of the host. [6] [7] 4. Organisms that look alike but behave differently: In some cases a harmless organism exists which looks identical to a disease causing organism with a microscope, which complicates the discovery process. [8] 5.
Infectious diseases: The death rate from infectious diseases--especially tuberculosis, influenza and pneumonia-- fell by 90% from 1900 to 1950. By the late 1940s, Penicillin was the major drug in use. [39] Chronic diseases: As infectious disease mortality declined, cardiovascular disease and cancer became leading causes of death. [40]
An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . [ 2 ]
Boy with smallpox (1969). The last natural smallpox case was of Ali Maow Maalin, in Merca, Somalia, on 26 October 1977. [8] [9]Smallpox is the first disease, and so far the only infectious disease of humans, to be eradicated by deliberate intervention. [6]
Infectious diseases can be obtained through many routes of transmission such as inhalation, open wounds, sores, ingestion, sexual intercourse, and insect bites. [3] Author, Paul Ewald used his book to expound upon infectious diseases in humans and animals, explain various routes of transmission as well as epidemiology as a whole. [ 1 ]
A zoonosis is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen that can jump from a non-human host to a human. [35] Major diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses. HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century, though it has now evolved into a separate human-only disease. [36]