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In this diagram of a duplicated chromosome, (2) identifies the centromere—the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome. In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers. The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell ...
Centromere protein A, also known as CENPA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CENPA gene. [5] CENPA is a histone H3 variant which is the critical factor determining the kinetochore position(s) on each chromosome [ 6 ] in most eukaryotes including humans.
The largest regions on each chromosome are the short arm p and the long arm q, separated by a narrow region near the center called the centromere. [1] Other specific regions have also been defined, some of which are similarly found on every chromosome, while others are only present in certain chromosomes. Named regions include: Arms (p and q ...
Centromere protein B is a highly conserved protein that facilitates centromere formation. It is a DNA -binding protein that is derived from transposases of the pogo DNA transposon family. It contains a helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif at the N-terminus and a dimerization domain at the C-terminus.
However, the emergence of research in neocentromeres troubles this conventional definition and questions the function of a centromere beyond being a “landing pad” for kinetochore formation. [4] This expands the scope of the centromere's function to include regulating the function of the kinetochore and the mitotic spindle .
Duplicated chromosome. (2) identifies the Monocentric centromere—the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome.In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers.
Inner centromere protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INCENP gene. [5] [6] [7] It is a regulatory protein in the chromosome passenger complex (CPC). It is involved in regulation of the catalytic proteins Aurora B and Aurora C. [8] [9] [10] It acts in association with two other proteins - Survivin and Borealin.
At the top level are all alpha proteins (domains consisting of alpha helices), all beta proteins (domains consisting of beta sheets), and mixed alpha helix/beta sheet proteins. While most proteins adopt a single stable fold, a few proteins can rapidly interconvert between one or more folds. These are referred to as metamorphic proteins. [5]