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Glucose-containing compounds are digested and taken up by the body in the intestines, including starch, glycogen, disaccharides and as monosaccharide. Glucose is stored in mainly the liver and muscles as glycogen. It is distributed and utilized in tissues as free glucose. To discuss image, please see Template talk:Human body diagrams
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B-type chains, making half of the branches, have two branch points, and all chains have the same length. E. Meléndez-Hevia, R. Meléndez and E. I. Canela (2000) "Glycogen Structure: an Evolutionary View", pp. 319–326 in Technological and Medical Implications of Metabolic Control Analysis (ed. A. Cornish-Bowden and M. L. Cárdenas), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Glycogen is analogous to starch, a glucose polymer in plants, and is sometimes referred to as animal starch, [16] having a similar structure to amylopectin but more extensively branched and compact than starch. Glycogen is a polymer of α(1→4) glycosidic bonds linked with α(1→6)-linked branches.
Glycogen and starch are notable glucans responsible for storing energy for the cell. Receptor molecules of the immune system, such as the Complement receptor 3, or CR3, and CD5 receptor, recognize and bind to beta-glucans on invading cell surfaces.
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Fatty acids also affect insulin secretion. In type 2 diabetes, fatty acids are able to potentiate insulin release to compensate the increment need of insulin. It was found that the β-cells express free fatty acid receptors at their surface, through which fatty acids can impact the function of β-cells.
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