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Hayreddin Barbarossa (Arabic: خير الدين بربروس, romanized: Khayr al-Dīn Barbarūs, original name: Khiḍr; Turkish: Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa), also known as Hayreddin Pasha, Hızır Hayrettin Pasha, and simply Hızır Reis (c. 1466/1483 [1] – 4 July 1546), was an Ottoman corsair and later admiral of the Ottoman Navy.
The Barbary corsairs, Barbary pirates, Ottoman corsairs, [1] or naval mujahideen (in Muslim sources) [2] were mainly Muslim corsairs and privateers who operated from the largely independent Barbary states. This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, in reference to the Berbers. [3]
The establishment of the Regency of Algiers by the Barbarossa brothers gave the Muslim corso a solid territorial base, which was organized in its beginnings for self-defence as well as holy war; described as al-jihad fi'l-bahr (holy war at sea) against the Spanish Empire and the Christian Knights who continued the work of the crusades. [1]
The capture of Algiers in 1516 was accomplished by the brothers Oruç and Hayreddin Barbarossa against Sālim al-Tūmī, the ruler of the city of Algiers, which was followed by an unsuccessful military campaign by the Spanish Empire and the Sheikh of Ténès to overthrow the newly formed Sultanate of Algiers.
While Barbary corsairs looted the cargo of ships they captured, their primary goal was to capture non-Muslim people for sale as slaves or for ransom. Those who had family or friends who might ransom them were held captive; the most famous of these was the author Miguel de Cervantes , who was held for almost five years – from 1575 to 1580.
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.
The Tomb of Hayreddin Barbarossa (Turkish: Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa Türbesi) is the final resting place of Ottoman admiral of the fleet Hayreddin Barbarossa whose naval victories secured Ottoman dominance over the Mediterranean during the mid 16th century.
Hayreddin Barbarossa (1478–1546), Barbary corsair and Ottoman admiral Khayr al-Din al-Ramli , (1585–1671) 17th-century Islamic jurist, teacher and writer Hayreddin Pasha (c. 1822–1890), Tunisian political reformer and Ottoman Grand Vizier (sometimes known as "Khair al-Din" or "Khaireddin")