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Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender. [1]
The greater the segregation in a workplace, the greater the occupational inequality. [11] This is true specifically for jobs dominated by a certain minority or women. [ 11 ] They often have bad work environments and less income than white males who usually make up the managerial positions with better work environments and more pay.
According to the model, outcome of the occupational segregation is wage differentials between the two genders. The reasons for segregation may be socialization, individual decisions, or labor market discrimination. [29] Wage differentials occur when the job opportunities or demand for the female-dominated sector is less than the supply of women ...
The Duncan Segregation Index is a measure of occupational segregation based on gender that measures whether there is a larger than expected presence of one gender over another in a given occupation or labor force by identifying the percentage of employed women (or men) who would have to change occupations for the occupational distribution of men and women to be equal.
However, the other 38% of the wage gap is mostly attributed to discrimination and biases against minority women. Occupational segregation has played a big part in driving minority women towards low-wage jobs such as service jobs like being cashiers, care jobs such as nursing assistants, and domestic work as maids and housekeepers. [42]
Occupational deprivation evolves over time and results from external factors that prevent an individual from engaging in meaningful occupations. Occupational deprivation can negatively impact feelings of self-efficacy and identity. Prisoners represent a population that experiences prolonged occupational deprivation. [3] ·
2020s: Culture Wars. Americans are still ideologically polarized, but the intervening century has made it harder to define the battlefronts of a culture war along strictly geographic lines.
Occupational apartheid is the concept in occupational therapy that different individuals, groups and communities can be deprived of meaningful and purposeful activity through segregation due to social, political, economical factors and for social status reasons.