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Fundus of geographic atrophy. Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time.
In advanced stages of AMD, atrophy of the RPE (geographic atrophy) and/or development of new blood vessels (neovascularization) result in the death of photoreceptors and central vision loss. [citation needed] In the dry (nonexudative) form, drusen accumulate between the retina and the choroid, causing atrophy and scarring to the retina. In the ...
Both macular telangiectasia and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) lead to photoreceptor atrophy and loss of central vision. The two diseases may be distinguished by symptoms, clinical features, and pathogenesis. The natural history of macular telangiectasia suggests a slowly progressive disorder.
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation ) into signals that can stimulate biological processes.
A vertebrate's photoreceptors are divided into three parts: an outer segment that contains the photosensitive opsins; an inner segment that contains the cell's metabolic machinery (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, ribosomes, mitochondria) a synaptic terminal at which contacts with second-order neurons of the retina are made
Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction process of the visual system by which light is detected by photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the vertebrate retina.A photon is absorbed by a retinal chromophore (each bound to an opsin), which initiates a signal cascade through several intermediate cells, then through the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) comprising the optic nerve.
24 11304 Ensembl ENSG00000198691 ENSMUSG00000028125 UniProt P78363 O35600 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000350 NM_007378 RefSeq (protein) NP_000341 NP_031404 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 93.99 – 94.12 Mb Chr 3: 121.84 – 121.97 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4, also known as ABCA4 or ABCR, is a protein which in humans is encoded by ...
During the AMD disease course, the RPE/Bruch's function continues to deteriorate, hampering nutrient and oxygen transport to the rod and cone photoreceptors. As a side effect of this process, the photoreceptors exhibit impaired dark adaptation because they require these nutrients for replenishment of photopigments and clearance of opsin to ...