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The term sister group is used in phylogenetic analysis, however, only groups identified in the analysis are labeled as "sister groups".. An example is birds, whose commonly cited living sister group is the crocodiles, but that is true only when discussing extant organisms; [3] [4] when other, extinct groups are considered, the relationship between birds and crocodiles appears distant.
Pancrustacea is the clade that comprises all crustaceans and all hexapods (insects and relatives). [2] This grouping is contrary to the Atelocerata hypothesis, in which Hexapoda and Myriapoda are sister taxa, and Crustacea are only more distantly related.
Some sequence analysis programs such as the ClustalW alignment program can write data files in the PHYLIP format. Most of the programs look for the data in a file called infile. If the phylip programs do not find this file, they then ask the user to type in the file name of the data file. [2]
Amborella trichopoda, the most basal extant angiosperm. The flowering plant family Amborellaceae, restricted to New Caledonia in the southwestern Pacific, [n 9] is a basal clade of extant angiosperms, [13] consisting of the most species, genus, family and order within the group that are sister to all other angiosperms (out of a total of about 250,000 angiosperm species).
The idea of a tree of life arose from ancient notions of a ladder-like progression from lower into higher forms of life (such as in the Great Chain of Being).Early representations of "branching" phylogenetic trees include a "paleontological chart" showing the geological relationships among plants and animals in the book Elementary Geology, by Edward Hitchcock (first edition: 1840).
Taxon identifiers are identifiers assigned to biological taxon by biological and taxonomic databases for purposes of establishing a point of reference for each catalogued taxon. Assigning a taxon with a permanent identifier such as a string of numbers allows for information such as taxonomic classification to be updated without affecting the ...
Kyonemichthys rumengani was originally described in 2007 based on an adult female specimen collected in the Lembeh Strait, Sulawesi. [4] Originally it was thought to be related to the pygmy pipehorse genera Acentronura & Idiotropiscis based on morphological similarities, but mitochondrial genetic analyses have found that Kyonemichthys is instead a sister taxon to Urocampus, forming a clade ...
ootaxon (oospecies, etc.): a taxon known from fossil eggs; parataxon; sciotaxon a taxon known from partial evidence but believed to be identical to an orthotaxon; sister taxon; zombie taxon; polyphyletic taxon; monophyletic taxon: a taxon consisting of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants; a clade; paraphyletic taxon