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Canadian trademark law provides protection to marks by statute under the Trademarks Act [1] and also at common law. Trademark law provides protection for distinctive marks, certification marks, distinguishing guises, and proposed marks against those who appropriate the goodwill of the mark or create confusion between different vendors' goods or services.
[14] [15] If a trademark application is refused, there is a right of appeal to the Federal Court of Canada. [14] [15] If a trademark application is approved, the Trademarks and Industrial Design Branch is also responsible for advertising it in the Trademarks Journal and, ultimately, processing the registration and renewal of the trademark.
While most areas of Canadian intellectual property law are within the purview of Parliament and the Federal government, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in MacDonald v. Vapor Canada Ltd. that civil remedies pertaining to trade secrets fall within the provincial power over property and civil rights. [12]
Under Canadian trade-mark law, "confusion" is where a trade-mark is similar enough to another trade-mark to cause consumers to equate them. Likelihood of confusion plays a central role in trade-mark registration, infringement and passing-off. [1] Whether a trade-mark or trade-name is confusing is a question of fact. [2]
An official mark (sometimes denoted by the symbols OM, M, or Ⓜ) is a form of intellectual property which exists in Canada under section 9 of the Trade-marks Act, which allows for the protection of names and designs used by Canadian public authorities (including governments and government agencies, Crown corporations, and certain nonprofit organizations) for goods or services.
Under Canadian trade-mark law, the "doctrine of functionality" provides that features that are primarily functional in nature cannot be registered as trade-marks. [1] The doctrine of functionality reflects the purpose of trade-mark, which is the protection of the distinctiveness of the wares and services associated with a trade-mark. [2]
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