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Symphysodon (colloquially known as discus or discus fish) is a genus of cichlids native to the Amazon river basin in Brazil.Due to their distinctive shape, calm behavior, many bright colors and patterns, and dedicated parenting techniques, discus are popular as freshwater aquarium fish, and their aquaculture in several countries in Asia (notably Thailand) [1] is a major industry.
Symphysodon tarzoo, the green discus, is a species of cichlid endemic to Brazil; specifically, to rivers of the western Amazon Basin upriver from the Purus arch, although it occasionally occurs downstream. [2] [3] An introduced population in the Nanay River is based on stock from the Tefé region. [4]
The taxonomy is disputed, but FishBase follows a review of the genus from 2006. [2] [8]In 2007 it was suggested that the correct scientific name of the blue/brown discus is S. haraldi, whereas S. aequifasciatus is the correct name for the green discus.
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Symphysodon discus, the red discus or Heckel discus, is a species of cichlid endemic to the Amazon Basin of Brazil, where found in the lower Rio Negro, upper Uatumã, Nhamundá, Trombetas and Abacaxis. [2] This species is essentially restricted to blackwater habitats with a high temperature of 26–32 °C (79–90 °F) and low pH of 4.2–5.2. [3]
The most common species in hobbyist aquaria is Pterophyllum scalare from the Amazon River basin in tropical South America, known in the trade as the "angelfish". Other popular or readily available species include the oscar (Astronotus ocellatus), convict cichlid (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus) and discus fish (Symphysodon). [8]
The oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) is a species of fish from the cichlid family known under a variety of common names, including tiger oscar, velvet cichlid, and marble cichlid. [2] In tropical South America, where the species naturally resides, A. ocellatus specimens are often found for sale as a food fish in the local markets.
Common names of fish can refer to a single species; to an entire group of species, such as a genus or family; or to multiple unrelated species or groups. Ambiguous common names are accompanied by their possible meanings. Scientific names for individual species and higher taxa are included in parentheses.