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The Ottoman Empire became a safe haven for Jews from the Iberian Peninsula fleeing persecution (see Alhambra Decree). By the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire had the largest Jewish population in the world, with 150,000 compared to Poland's and non-Ottoman Ukraine's combined figure of 75,000. [2] [3]
Ottoman Jews held a variety of views on the role of Jews in the Ottoman Empire, from loyal Ottomanism to Zionism. [44] Emmanuel Carasso, for example, was a founding member of the Young Turks, and believed that the Jews of the Empire should be Turks first, and Jews second.
After the Damascus affair, the Ottoman Empire banned blood libel accusations. Most of the blood libel assucations were initiated by Greek Christians due to historical animosity between Greeks and Jews. [47] During the final chapter of the Ottoman Empire, increasing nationalism and economic hardship lead to anti-Jewish setiment in the region. [47]
In the Ottoman Empire, a millet (Turkish:; Ottoman Turkish: ملت) was an independent court of law pertaining to "personal law" under which a confessional community (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim sharia, Christian canon law, or Jewish halakha) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.
In December they expelled up to 6,000 Russian citizens who resided in Jaffa (all were Jewish). [10] They were resettled in Alexandria, Egypt. [11] The Ottoman Empire issued forcible draft of its population into the army, demanding non-citizens (including Jews) to either take Ottoman citizenship before 15 May 1915 or be expelled from the region.
Photograph of Sephardi Jews in 19th century taken from 1899 book Views from Palestine and its Jewish colonies. From 1360, when Louis I of Hungary had issued a decree of expulsion, Jewish people had sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire. [18]
This category includes Jews who were born in or were active within the Ottoman Empire (1300-1923). Ottoman Jews were of a variety of origins and observances, including Sephardi, Mizrahi, Romaniote, Karaite, and others.
It has been suggested that the stable financial position of the Hebronite Jews at the time was what attracted the Turkish soldiers to engage in the mass plunder. [1] Others suggest the attack could have in fact taken place in the midst of a localised conflict, an uprising by the Mamluks against the new Ottoman rulers. [4]