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Situs inversus is the mirror image of situs solitus, which is normal asymmetric distribution of the abdominothoracic visceral organs. Situs ambiguus can also be subdivided into left-isomerism and right isomerism based on the defects observed in the spleen , lungs and atria of the heart .
Ultrasound can be used for additional anatomical information for patients with an abnormal kidney function or pancreatic enzymes (pancreatic amylase and pancreatic lipase). Standard measurement of the abdominal aorta [4] It can be used on the abdominal aorta to detect or exclude abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Palpate abdominal region to determine if testicle is undescended. [1] Palpate the spermatic cord and note the connection to the testicle. [1] In some instances, examiner will perform the Valsalva maneuver to assess the mass on the veins within the spermatic cord. Palpate the inguinal canals to assess for hernias or abnormal tenderness. [5]
The mean size of an inguinal lymph node, as measured over the short-axis, is approximately 5.4 mm (range 2.1-13.6 mm), with two standard deviations above the mean being 8.8 mm. [5] A size of up to 10 mm is generally regarded as a cut-off value for normal vs abnormal inguinal lymph node size.
Normal epididymal head. The epididymal head, usually iso- or slightly hyperechoic than the testis is seen located cephalad to the testis. [citation needed] The normal adult testis is an ovoid structure measuring 3 cm in anterior-posterior dimension, 2–4 cm in width, and 3–5 cm in length.
Cryptorchidism, or "undescended testicles", is when the testicle does not descend into the scrotum of an infant boy. [ 30 ] Testicular enlargement is an unspecific sign of various testicular diseases, and can be defined as a testicular size of more than 5 cm ( long axis ) × 3 cm (short axis).
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Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.