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In chemistry, a formula unit is the smallest unit of a non-molecular substance, such as an ionic compound, covalent network solid, or metal. [1] [2] It can also refer to the chemical formula for that unit. Those structures do not consist of discrete molecules, and so for them, the term formula unit is used.
Section 3.8 introduces atomic units and gives a table of atomic units of various physical quantities and the conversion factor to the SI units. Section 7.3(v) gives a concise but clear tutorial on practical use of atomic units, in particular how to understand equations "written in atomic units".
In chemistry, the molar mass (M) (sometimes called molecular weight or formula weight, but see related quantities for usage) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound. [1] The molar mass is a bulk, not molecular, property of a substance.
In the International System of Units (SI), the coherent unit for molar concentration is mol/m 3. However, most chemical literature traditionally uses mol/dm 3, which is the same as mol/L. This traditional unit is often called a molar and denoted by the letter M, for example: 1 mol/m 3 = 10 −3 mol/dm 3 = 10 −3 mol/L = 10 −3 M = 1 mM = 1 ...
Like chemists, chemical engineers use the unit mole extensively, but different unit multiples may be more suitable for industrial use. For example, the SI unit for volume is the cubic metre, a much larger unit than the commonly used litre in the chemical laboratory.
In the cases where non-SI units are used, the numerical calculation of a formula can be done by first working out the factor, and then plug in the numerical values of the given/known quantities. For example, in the study of Bose–Einstein condensate , [ 6 ] atomic mass m is usually given in daltons , instead of kilograms , and chemical ...
The SI unit for specific energy is the joule per kilogram (J/kg). Other units still in use worldwide in some contexts are the kilocalorie per gram (Cal/g or kcal/g), mostly in food-related topics, and watt-hours per kilogram (W⋅h/kg) in the field of batteries.
While not an SI-unit, the litre may be used with SI units. It is equivalent to (10 cm) 3 = (1 dm) 3 = 10 −3 m 3. Many non-SI units continue to be used in the scientific, technical, and commercial literature. Some units are deeply embedded in history and culture, and their use has not been entirely replaced by their SI alternatives.