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Projection fibers consist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord. In human neuroanatomy, bundles of axons (nerve fibers) called nerve tracts , within the brain, can be categorized by their function into association tracts , projection tracts , and commissural tracts .
Interneurons can be further broken down into two groups: local interneurons and relay interneurons. [4] Local interneurons have short axons and form circuits with nearby neurons to analyze small pieces of information. [5] Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions ...
Neurons are the excitable cells of the brain that function by communicating with other neurons and interneurons (via synapses), in neural circuits and larger brain networks. The two main neuronal classes in the cerebral cortex are excitatory projection neurons (around 70-80%) and inhibitory interneurons (around 20–30%). [2]
About 90% of neurons in the striatum are medium projection neurons, the other 10% are interneurons. [1] In the direct pathway the neurons project directly to the globus pallidus internal (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr).
It is also known as a projection neuron. They include the neurons forming peripheral nerves and long tracts of brain and spinal cord. [11] with somata usually ranging from 20 to 40μm. [27] Golgi II neurons, in contrast, are defined as having short axons or no axon at all.
Each of these interneuron class can be further divided into diverse subpopulations of neurons with distinct neurotransmitter phenotype, axonal projection and function during locomotion. [38] For example, V2 interneurons are ipsilaterally projecting that can be further classified as excitatory V2a and inhibitory V2b.
Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to control everything from muscle contractions [3] to glandular output. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord. When multiple neurons are functionally connected together, they form what is called a neural circuit.
Association fibers are axons (nerve fibers) that connect cortical areas within the same cerebral hemisphere. [1]In human neuroanatomy, axons within the brain, can be categorized on the basis of their course and connections as association fibers, projection fibers, and commissural fibers. [1]