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A classification of SQL injection attacking vector as of 2010. In computing, SQL injection is a code injection technique used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker).
Major DBMSs, including SQLite, [5] MySQL, [6] Oracle, [7] IBM Db2, [8] Microsoft SQL Server [9] and PostgreSQL [10] support prepared statements. Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol for efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes.
Oracle implemented a special variable type for APEX called Substitution Variables (with a syntax of "&NAME."); however, these are insecure and can lead to SQL injection. Where the injection occurs within a PL/SQL block, an attacker can inject an arbitrary number of queries or statements to execute.
An SQL injection takes advantage of SQL syntax to inject malicious commands that can read or modify a database or compromise the meaning of the original query. [13] For example, consider a web page that has two text fields which allow users to enter a username and a password.
The hackers also prefaced their password dump with a statement detailing their use of a union-based SQL injection attack to obtain the data. [6] The full dump file containing the compromised user information was made available for download via BitTorrent, allowing for widespread distribution and potential misuse of the stolen credentials. [6]
It is common for a web application to store in a database the hash value of a user's password. Without a salt, a successful SQL injection attack may yield easily crackable passwords. Because many users re-use passwords for multiple sites, the use of a salt is an important component of overall web application security. [14]
The cryptographic features are available as functions inside the database as well. SSL / TLS connections are supported in the client–server mode, as well as when using the console application. [citation needed] The database supports protection against SQL injection by enforcing the use of parameterized statements. In H2, this feature is ...
The database system can ensure data integrity and consistency with the help of stored procedures. Delegating access-rights In many systems, stored procedures can be granted access rights to the database that users who execute those procedures do not directly have. Some protection from SQL injection attacks