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Alloparental care has many benefits for the young as well as the biological parents of the young. It occurs when there is a high energetic command of the biological parents and the group living of these animals. [4] Alloparenting helps to reduce the stresses on these animals and reduce the overall energetic demands of having offspring. [4]
In both of these species, males and females are monogamous, pair-bonded, and exhibit bi-parental care for their offspring. [25] [42] [24] The social group in both these species consists of female and male parents along with their offspring. [43] [24] Males in these species serve as the primary caregivers and play a major role in infant survival ...
There is great variation in different animal groups in terms of how parents care for offspring, and the amount of resources invested by parents. For example, there may be considerable variation in the amount of care invested by each sex, where females may invest more in some species, males invest more in others, or investment may be shared equally.
Species P. tigris. A hybrid between a Bengal tiger and a Siberian tiger is an example of an intra-specific hybrid. Family Canidae. Fertile canid hybrids occur between coyotes, wolves, dingoes, jackals and domestic dogs. Hybrids of unknown fertility can occur between South American foxes of the Lycalopex genus and domestic dogs. Family Mustelidae
For example, the chestnut-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps) has been found to have high rates of kin selection. Helpers are predominantly found aiding closely related broods over nonrelated broods. [12] Additional species such as Neolamprologus pulcher have shown that kin selection is a dominant driving force for cooperative breeding. [12]
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual.
Examples of precocial birds include the domestic chicken, many species of ducks and geese, waders, rails, and the hoatzin. Precocial birds can provide protein-rich eggs and thus their young hatch in the fledgling stage – able to protect themselves from predators and the females have less post-natal involvement.
Many animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild-type animals due to their extensive interactions with humans, albeit not to the point that they are regarded as distinct forms (therefore, no separate wild ancestors are noted) or would be unable to survive if reintroduced to the wild.