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Vulvovaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis have been the preferred terms for this condition and cluster of symptoms until recently. These terms are now regarded as inaccurate in describing changes to the entire genitourinary system occurring after menopause.
Vaginal introital laxity is often associated with a decrease in sensation during sexual intercourse. [5] It may also lead to reduced production of natural lubricating substances in the female body, such as vaginal fluid and cervical mucus, resulting in reduced friction and pressure. [5]
Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself.
The term vagina is from Latin vāgīna, meaning "sheath" or "scabbard". [1] The vagina may also be referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy and childbirth. [2] [3] Although by its dictionary and anatomical definitions, the term vagina refers exclusively to the specific internal structure, it is colloquially used to refer to the vulva or to both the vagina and vulva.
During menopause, hormone levels decrease, which causes changes in the vulva known as vulvovaginal atrophy. [56] The decreased estrogen affects the mons, the labia, and the vaginal opening and can cause pale, itchy, and sore skin. [ 56 ]
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule-based as Latin. Bullokar's grammar was faithfully modeled on William Lily's Latin grammar, Rudimenta Grammatices (1534), used in English schools at that time, having been ...
Vaginal bleeding is any expulsion of blood from the vagina.This bleeding may originate from the uterus, vaginal wall, or cervix. [1] Generally, it is either part of a normal menstrual cycle or is caused by hormonal or other problems of the reproductive system, such as abnormal uterine bleeding.