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Since 2005, evidence for substantial admixture of Neanderthal DNA in modern populations is accumulating. [2] [3] [4] The divergence time between the Neanderthal and modern human lineages is estimated at between 750,000 and 400,000 years ago. The recent time is suggested by Endicott et al. (2010) [5] and Rieux et al. (2014). [6]
In Papuans, Neanderthal genetic variants are found in highest frequency in genes expressed in the brain, whereas Denisovan DNA has the highest frequency in genes expressed in bones and other tissues. [51] A Neanderthal allele inherited by modern humans, SNP rs3917862, is with associated with hypercoagulability.
“The Max Planck group sequenced new ancient DNA samples that allowed them to date the Neanderthal gene flow directly. And they came up with a similar timing as us,” Manjusha Chintalapati, one ...
Most humans alive today can trace a very small percentage of their DNA to Neanderthals. However, Neanderthal DNA is slightly more abundant in the genomes of certain populations.
The scientists discovered that the percentage of Homo sapiens DNA in the Neanderthal genome may have been as high as 10% more than 200,000 years ago and decreased over time; on average, it was 2.5 ...
Due to natural selection, the percentage of Neanderthal DNA in ancient Europeans gradually decreased over time. From 45,000 BP to 7,000 BP, the percentage dropped from around 3–6% to 2%. [13] The removal of Neanderthal-derived alleles occurred more frequently around genes than other parts of the genome. [13]
The Neanderthal DNA found in modern human genomes has long raised questions about ancient interbreeding. New studies offer a timeline of when that occurred and when ancient humans left Africa.
Neanderthals lived in a high-stress environment with high trauma rates; about 80% of Neanderthal individuals died before the age of 40. [18] The total population of Neanderthals remained low, and interbreeding with modern humans tended toward a loss of Neanderthal genes over time. [19] They lacked effective long-distance networks.