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Since 2005, evidence for substantial admixture of Neanderthal DNA in modern populations is accumulating. [2] [3] [4] The divergence time between the Neanderthal and modern human lineages is estimated at between 750,000 and 400,000 years ago. The recent time is suggested by Endicott et al. (2010) [5] and Rieux et al. (2014). [6]
In Papuans, Neanderthal genetic variants are found in highest frequency in genes expressed in the brain, whereas Denisovan DNA has the highest frequency in genes expressed in bones and other tissues. [51] A Neanderthal allele inherited by modern humans, SNP rs3917862, is with associated with hypercoagulability.
The Neanderthal genome project is an effort, founded in July 2006, of a group of scientists to sequence the Neanderthal genome.. It was initiated by 454 Life Sciences, a biotechnology company based in Branford, Connecticut in the United States and is coordinated by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.
The Neanderthal DNA found in modern human genomes has long raised questions about ancient interbreeding. New studies offer a timeline of when that occurred and when ancient humans left Africa.
Human DNA recovered from remains found in Europe is revealing our species’ shared history with Neanderthals. The trove is the oldest Homo sapiens DNA ever documented, scientists say.
Slimak determined that this particular Neanderthal lived 42,000 years ago, towards the end of that species’ time on this planet. As such, he named the Neanderthal Thorin after the Tolkien character.
Due to natural selection, the percentage of Neanderthal DNA in ancient Europeans gradually decreased over time. From 45,000 BP to 7,000 BP, the percentage dropped from around 3–6% to 2%. [13] The removal of Neanderthal-derived alleles occurred more frequently around genes than other parts of the genome. [13]
Most humans alive today can trace a very small percentage of their DNA to Neanderthals. However, Neanderthal DNA is slightly more abundant in the genomes of certain populations.