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A typical SPF HELO policy v=spf1 a mx ip4:192.0.2.0 -all may execute four or more DNS queries: (1) TXT record (SPF type was obsoleted by RFC 7208), (2) A or AAAA for mechanism a, (3) MX record and (4+) A or AAAA for each MX name, for mechanism mx. Except the first one, all those queries count towards the limit of 10.
The SPF verifier queries the Domain Name System (DNS) for a matching SPF record, which if it exists will specify the IP addresses authorized by that domain's administrator. The result can be "pass", "fail", or some intermediate result - and systems will generally take this into account in their anti-spam filtering.
A receiving SMTP server wanting to verify uses the domain name and the selector to perform a DNS lookup. [8] For example, given the example signature above: the d tag gives the author domain to be verified against, example.net ; the s tag the selector, brisbane. The string _domainkey is a fixed part of the specification.
This list of DNS record types is an overview of resource records ... (for example, an HINFO record gives a description of the type of computer/OS a host uses), or ...
In this example, the entity controlling the example.com DNS domain intends to monitor SPF and/or DKIM failure rates and doesn't expect email to be sent from subdomains of example.com. Note that a subdomain can publish its own DMARC record; receivers must check it out before falling back to the organizational domain record.
Intra domain redirection complies with SPF as long as the relevant servers share a consistent configuration. Mail servers that practice inter-domain message-forwarding may break SPF even if they do not implement SPF themselves, i.e. they neither apply SPF checks nor publish SPF records. [8] Sender Rewriting Scheme provides for a generic ...
A wildcard DNS record is a record in a DNS zone that will match requests for non-existent domain names. A wildcard DNS record is specified by using a * as the leftmost label (part) of a domain name, e.g. *.example.com. The exact rules for when a wildcard will match are specified in RFC 1034, but the rules are neither intuitive nor clearly ...
Sender ID is an historic [1] anti-spoofing proposal from the former MARID IETF working group that tried to join Sender Policy Framework (SPF) and Caller ID. Sender ID is defined primarily in Experimental RFC 4406, [2] but there are additional parts in RFC 4405, [3] RFC 4407 [4] and RFC 4408.