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Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
The official summary chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
There are a couple other long vowels and diphthongs in English: OO sound in food (but not good) is written /uː/: /fuːd/. That is, it is written like the vowel of use without the initial y sound /j/. As noted above, the OW sound of doubt or cow is written /aʊ/. There is also the OY sound /ɔɪ/ of joy, /dʒɔɪ/.
The spread-lip diacritic ͍ may also be used with a rounded vowel letter o͍ as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded. Only Wu Chinese is known to contrast it with the more typical protruded (endolabial) close-mid back vowel, but the height of both vowels varies from close to close-mid. [6]
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɔ . The IPA symbol is a turned letter c and both the symbol and the sound are commonly called "open-o". The name open-o represents the sound, in that it is like the sound represented by o , the close-mid back rounded vowel , except it is more open.
The letter ɶ is the small caps rendition of Œ . œ , the lowercase version of the ligature, is used for the open-mid front rounded vowel. While the IPA chart lists it as a fully open vowel, the rounded equivalent of [a], Ladefoged [2] characterizes it as near-open, the rounded equivalent of [æ].
The mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.While there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back rounded vowel between close-mid [o] and open-mid [ɔ], it is normally written o .