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The Umbilical cord stump, left behind after omphalotomy. Omphalotomy is the medical procedure that involves the cutting of the umbilical cord after childbirth. [1] The word omphalotomy is derived from the prefix omphal(o)-, from the Ancient Greek word ὀμφαλός (omphalós), meaning navel, and the suffix-tomy, also from Ancient Greek, meaning incision.
Omphalitis of newborn is the medical term for inflammation of the umbilical cord stump in the neonatal newborn period, most commonly attributed to a bacterial infection. [1] Typically immediately after an infant is born, the umbilical cord is cut with a small remnant (often referred to as the stump) left behind.
Umbilical granuloma is the most common umbilical abnormality in newborn children or neonates, causing inflammation and drainage. [1] [2] [3] It may appear in the first few weeks of newborn infants during the healing process of the umbilical cord due to an umbilical mass. [4] It is the overgrowth of the umbilical tissue. [5]
The embryo is surrounded by the thin membranes of the amniotic sac, the umbilical cord is seen in the center, attaching the embryo to the placenta. The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. [2]
Controlled cord traction (CCT) consists of pulling on the umbilical cord while applying counter pressure to help deliver the placenta. [5] It may be uncomfortable for the mother. Its performance requires specific training. Premature cord traction can pull the placenta before it has naturally detached from the uterine wall, resulting in hemorrhage.
Delaying the clamping allows blood to flow from the placenta to the baby while the baby’s lungs fill with air.
The needle should be guided into the region of the maximum vertical pocket, where the single largest area of amniotic fluid devoid of fetal parts, umbilical cord, and placenta is available for sampling. [4] Amniotic fluid is composed of fetal cells, urine, and lung secretions.
Bacteria found in the maternal gastrointestinal or gastrourinary tracts can commonly lead to neonatal infection. Bacterial infections may present as fetal distress at birth (including signs of tachycardia, temperature instability or difficulty breathing), neonatal sepsis, or neonatal meningitis.