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Russian is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European family.All Indo-European languages are descendants of a single prehistoric language, reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European, spoken sometime in the Neolithic era.
The history of the Russian language is also divided into Old Russian from the 11th to 17th centuries, followed by Modern Russian. [122] The Ostromir Gospels of 1056 is the second oldest East Slavic book known, one of many medieval illuminated manuscripts preserved in the Russian National Library.
The history of the Slavic languages stretches over 3000 years, from the point at which the ancestral Proto-Balto-Slavic language broke up (c. 1500 BC) into the modern-day Slavic languages which are today natively spoken in Eastern, Central and Southeastern Europe as well as parts of North Asia and Central Asia.
It is the most-spoken native language in Europe, [87] the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, [88] as well as the world's most widely spoken Slavic language. [88] Russian is the third-most used language on the Internet after English and Spanish, [89] and is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station ...
Balto-Slavic language tree. [citation needed] Linguistic maps of Slavic languagesSince the interwar period, scholars have conventionally divided Slavic languages, on the basis of geographical and genealogical principle, and with the use of the extralinguistic feature of script, into three main branches, that is, East, South, and West (from the vantage of linguistic features alone, there are ...
The Proto-Slavic language, the hypothetical ancestor of the modern-day Slavic languages, developed from the ancestral Proto-Balto-Slavic language (c. 1500 BC), which is the parent language of the Balto-Slavic languages (both the Slavic and Baltic languages, e.g. Latvian and Lithuanian). The first 2,000 years or so consist of the pre-Slavic era ...
Old East Slavic [a] (traditionally also Old Russian) was a language (or a group of dialects) used by the East Slavs from the 7th or 8th century to the 13th or 14th century, [4] until it diverged into the Russian and Ruthenian languages. [5] Ruthenian eventually evolved into the Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian languages. [6]
It was also used for other languages, but between the 18th and 20th centuries was mostly replaced by the modern Cyrillic script, which is used for some Slavic languages (such as Russian), and for East European and Asian languages that have experienced a great amount of Russian cultural influence.