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The term absolute value has been used in this sense from at least 1806 in French [3] and 1857 in English. [4] The notation | x |, with a vertical bar on each side, was introduced by Karl Weierstrass in 1841. [5] Other names for absolute value include numerical value [1] and magnitude. [1]
The absolute value | | is a norm on the vector space formed by the real or complex numbers. The complex numbers form a one-dimensional vector space over themselves and a two-dimensional vector space over the reals; the absolute value is a norm for these two structures.
The standard absolute value on the integers. The standard absolute value on the complex numbers.; The p-adic absolute value on the rational numbers.; If R is the field of rational functions over a field F and () is a fixed irreducible polynomial over F, then the following defines an absolute value on R: for () in R define | | to be , where () = () and ((), ()) = = ((), ()).
The graph of the absolute value function. If differentiability fails at an interior point of the interval, the conclusion of Rolle's theorem may not hold. Consider the absolute value function = | |, [,]. Then f (−1) = f (1), but there is no c between −1 and 1 for which the f ′(c) is zero.
The absolute value of a real number r is defined by: [4] | | =, | | =, < Absolute value may also be thought of as the number's distance from zero on the real number line. For example, the absolute value of both 70 and −70 is 70.
A subderivative value 0 occurs here because the absolute value function is at a minimum. The full family of valid subderivatives at zero constitutes the subdifferential interval [ − 1 , 1 ] {\displaystyle [-1,1]} , which might be thought of informally as "filling in" the graph of the sign function with a vertical line through the origin ...
A real function that is a function from real numbers to real numbers can be represented by a graph ... at x = 2, any value δ ≤ 0.5 ... the absolute value ...
The real numbers are complete under the metric induced by the usual absolute value, and one of the standard constructions of the real numbers involves Cauchy sequences of rational numbers. In this construction, each equivalence class of Cauchy sequences of rational numbers with a certain tail behavior—that is, each class of sequences that get ...