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That is, "arising under" for Article III purposes is broader than the well-pleaded complaint rule. It is well-established that Congress may grant lower federal courts less than the totality of Article III's possible federal question jurisdiction; for example, before 1980, federal question jurisdiction had an amount in controversy requirement ...
Thus, under the rule stated by this case, whether a suit arises under state or federal law determines whether or not federal question jurisdiction exists. It is therefore consistent with the "well-pleaded complaint rule" set forth in Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Mottley, 211 U.S. 149 (1908), just eight years earlier.
Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley: 211 U.S. 149 (1908) federal question jurisdiction, the "well-pleaded complaint rule" North American Cold Storage Co. v. City of Chicago: 211 U.S. 306 (1908) Moyer v. Peabody: 212 U.S. 78 (1909) citizens' rights during insurrection Welch v. Swasey: 214 U.S. 91 (1909)
Article III of the United States Constitution permits federal courts to hear such cases, so long as the United States Congress passes a statute to that effect. However, when Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, which authorized the newly created federal courts to hear such cases, it initially chose not to allow the lower federal courts to possess federal question jurisdiction for fear ...
Wendell Mottley (1941–), Trinidad & Tobago economist, politician, government official, athlete and Credit Suisse investment banker. Yale and Cambridge graduate. Represented Trinidad and Tobago at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley. 1908 US Supreme Court case and source of the well pleaded complaint rule.
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While legal conclusions can provide the framework of a complaint, they must be supported by factual allegations. When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief. Our decision in Twombly illustrates the two-pronged approach.
Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure a complaint is the first pleading in American law filed by a plaintiff which initiates a lawsuit. [1] A complaint sets forth the relevant allegations of fact that give rise to one or more legal causes of action along with a prayer for relief and sometimes a statement of damages claimed (an ad quod damnum clause).