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While silicon detectors cannot be thicker than a few millimeters, germanium can have a sensitive layer (depletion region) thickness of centimeters, and therefore can be used as a total absorption detector for gamma rays up to a few MeV. These detectors are also called high-purity germanium detectors (HPGe) or hyperpure germanium detectors.
The Germanium Detector Array (or GERDA) experiment was searching for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) in Ge-76 at the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). Neutrinoless beta decay is expected to be a very rare process if it occurs.
Germanium is useful for monochromators for beamlines used in single crystal neutron scattering and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The reflectivity has advantages over silicon in neutron and high energy X-ray applications. [90] Crystals of high purity germanium are used in detectors for gamma spectroscopy and the search for dark matter. [91]
A clover detector is a gamma-ray detector that consists of 4 coaxial N-type high purity germanium (Ge) crystals each machined to shape and mounted in a common cryostat to form a structure resembling a four-leaf clover. [1] The clover is the first composite Ge detector.
Schematic representation of the electric segmentation of an AGATA detector. The parameters of the detectors are: [1] Maximum cylinder size: 90.0 mm length, 40.0 mm radius. Coaxial hole size: 10.0 mm diameter, extension to 13.0 mm from the front face. Passivation layers: 1.0 mm at the back of the detector, 0.6 mm around the coaxial hole.
In modern sets, a semiconductor diode is used for the detector, which is much more reliable than a crystal detector and requires no adjustments. [48] [81] [98] Germanium diodes (or sometimes Schottky diodes) are used instead of silicon diodes, because their lower forward voltage drop (roughly 0.3 V compared to 0.6 V [99]) makes them more sensitive.
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GEODM (GErmanium Observatory for Dark Matter), with roughly 1500 kg of detector mass, has expressed interest in the SNOLAB "Cryopit" location. [ 20 ] Increasing the detector mass only makes the detector more sensitive if the unwanted background detections do not increase as well, thus each generation must be cleaner and better shielded than the ...