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The causes for portal hypertension are classified as originating in the portal venous system before it reaches the liver (prehepatic causes), within the liver (intrahepatic) or between the liver and the heart (post-hepatic). The most common cause is cirrhosis (chronic liver failure). Other causes include: [1] [10] [11] Prehepatic causes
The condition is caused by portal hypertension resulting from liver disease. The causative mechanism is unknown, but several have been proposed, which are similar to those behind ascites. [2] [4] The most accepted theory is that fluid originating from ascites travels through defects in the diaphragm into the pleural cavity. These defects exist ...
The compound volatile dimethyl sulfide has been associated with it, [3] raising the possibility of an objective noninvasive measure of liver failure. [4] [5] A secondary form of trimethylaminuria is also associated with liver failure, and it has been suggested that trimethylamine is also a contributor to the odor of fetor hepaticus. [6]
Portopulmonary hypertension (PPH) [1] is defined by the coexistence of portal and pulmonary hypertension. PPH is a serious complication of liver disease, present in 0.25 to 4% of all patients with cirrhosis. Once an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation, it is no longer, thanks to rapid advances in the treatment of this condition. [2]
A diagram explaining factors affecting arterial pressure. Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure.
Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, chronic liver failure or chronic hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease, is an acute condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease.
The list of conditions associated with chronic liver disease is extensive and can be categorised in the following way: [3] Viral causes. Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and yellow fever viruses cause acute hepatitis. Toxic and drugs. Alcoholic liver disease
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a vascular disease of the liver that occurs when a blood clot occurs in the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to increased pressure in the portal vein system and reduced blood supply to the liver. The mortality rate is approximately 1 in 10.