Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The alcohol is protonated, the H 2 O group formed leaves, forming a carbocation, and the nucleophile Cl − (which is present in excess) readily attacks the carbocation, forming the chloroalkane. Tertiary alcohols react immediately with Lucas reagent as evidenced by turbidity owing to the low solubility of the organic chloride in the aqueous ...
The reaction usually requires a catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid: R−OH + R'−CO 2 H → R'−CO 2 R + H 2 O. Other types of ester are prepared in a similar manner−for example, tosyl (tosylate) esters are made by reaction of the alcohol with 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine.
Benzyl alcohol is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol. [ 13 ] Benzyl alcohol is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
A dramatic example is the conversion of methanol into hexamethylbenzene using zinc chloride as the solvent and catalyst: [48] 15 CH 3 OH → C 6 (CH 3) 6 + 3 CH 4 + 15 H 2 O. This kind of reactivity has been investigated for the valorization of C1 precursors. [49] Examples of zinc chloride as a Lewis acid include the Fischer indole synthesis: [50]
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
is an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate; used in organic chemistry as a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation, such as double bonds; N-Bromosuccinimide: used in radical substitution and electrophilic addition reactions in organic chemistry. Also acts as a mild oxidizer to oxidize benzylic or allylic alcohols.
Friedel–Crafts reactions have been used in the synthesis of several triarylmethane and xanthene dyes. [26] Examples are the synthesis of thymolphthalein (a pH indicator) from two equivalents of thymol and phthalic anhydride: A reaction of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol in the presence of zinc chloride gives the fluorophore fluorescein.
The initial colorless solution contains the zincate ion: Zn(OH) 2 + 2 OH − → Zn(OH) 4 2−. Zinc hydroxide will dissolve because the ion is normally surrounded by water ligands; when excess sodium hydroxide is added to the solution the hydroxide ions will reduce the complex to a −2 charge and make it soluble.