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Mueller Hinton agar is a type of growth medium used in microbiology to culture bacterial isolates and test their susceptibility to antibiotics. This medium was first developed in 1941 by John Howard Mueller and Jane Hinton, who were microbiologists working at Harvard University. However, Mueller Hinton agar is made up of a couple of components ...
PNP Agar is an agar medium used in microbiology to identify Staphylococcus species that have phosphatase activity. The medium changes color when p-nitrophenylphosphate disodium (PNP) is dephosphorylated. [1] PNP agar is composed of Mueller–Hinton agar buffered to pH 5.6 to 5.8, with the addition of 0.495 mg/mL PNP. [2]
Thayer–Martin agar (or Thayer–Martin medium, or VPN agar) is a Mueller–Hinton agar with 5% chocolate sheep blood and antibiotics. It is used for culturing and primarily isolating pathogenic Neisseria bacteria , including Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis , as the medium inhibits the growth of most other microorganisms.
Mueller–Hinton agar is frequently used in the disc diffusion test. [14] The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) provide standards for the type and depth of agar, temperature of incubation, and method of analysing results. [11]
Prior to her veterinary career, Jane Hinton worked in a laboratory in the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology at Harvard University, where she co-developed the Mueller–Hinton agar with John Howard Mueller. [3] This agar was a medium developed to isolate the Neisseria bacteria that caused gonorrhea and meningogoccal meningitis. [13]
A 2' x 4' petri plate filled with 14L (liters) of seaweed derived agar medium created by Harvard scientists that was used to see how E. coli evolved to be resistant to antibiotics. The mega plate also helped study more unique concepts of microbiology such as parallel evolution, mutation selection, colonial interference etc. [13]
An agar plate – an example of a bacterial growth medium*: Specifically, it is a streak plate; the orange lines and dots are formed by bacterial colonies.. A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation [1] or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. [2]
Mueller–Hinton agar showing MRSA resistant to an oxacillin disk. Diagnostic microbiology laboratories and reference laboratories are key for identifying outbreaks of MRSA. Normally, a bacterium must be cultured from blood, urine, sputum, or other body-fluid samples, and in sufficient quantities to perform confirmatory tests early-on.