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A sound wave is a variation in air pressure, while in light and other electromagnetic radiation the strength of the electric and the magnetic field vary. Water waves are variations in the height of a body of water. In a crystal lattice vibration, atomic positions vary. The range of wavelengths or frequencies for wave phenomena is called a spectrum.
The standard example of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave or "pressure wave" in gases, liquids, or solids, whose oscillations cause compression and expansion of the material through which the wave is propagating. Pressure waves are called "primary waves", or "P-waves" in geophysics. Water waves involve both longitudinal and transverse motions ...
The parameter defines the amplitude of the wave (that is, the maximum sound pressure in the bore, which is related to the loudness of the note); is the speed of sound; is the length of the bore; and is a positive integer (1,2,3,...) that specifies the number of nodes in the standing wave.
The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by , [1] is a fundamental physical constant [1] of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant, and the wavelength of a matter wave equals the Planck constant divided by the associated particle momentum.
Physics is also called "the fundamental science" because all branches of natural science including chemistry, astronomy, geology, and biology are constrained by laws of physics. [58] Similarly, chemistry is often called the central science because of its role in linking the physical sciences.
A gigawatt is typical average power for an industrial city of one million habitants, and is the output of a large power station. The GW unit is thus used for large power plants and power grids . For example, by the end of 2010, power shortages in China's Shanxi province were expected to increase to 5–6 GW [ 19 ] and the installation capacity ...
Increase of amplitude as damping decreases and frequency approaches resonant frequency of a driven damped simple harmonic oscillator. [1] [2]Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when an object or system is subjected to an external force or vibration that matches its resonant frequency, defined as the frequency that generates the maximum amplitude response in the system.
A megatsunami is a tsunami with an initial wave amplitude measured in many tens or hundreds of metres.The term "megatsunami" has been defined by media and has no precise definition, although it is commonly taken to refer to tsunamis over 100 metres (330 ft) high. [2]