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The original type of spoked wheel with wooden spokes was used for horse-drawn carriages and wagons. In early motor cars, wooden spoked wheels of the artillery type were normally used. In a simple wooden wheel, a load on the hub causes the wheel rim to flatten slightly against the ground as the lowermost wooden spoke shortens and compresses.
Construction of wire-spoked wheels is generally termed as wheelbuilding, so wheel construction refers to construction of non-wire wheels, e.g. wheels of cars and other heavier vehicles. Wheels are constructed in a wide variety of designs using different materials, but in the early 21st century, aluminum and steel are most often used, with steel ...
Wire wheels, wire-spoked wheels, tension-spoked wheels, or "suspension" wheels are wheels whose rims connect to their hubs by wire spokes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Although these wires are considerably stiffer than a similar diameter wire rope , they function mechanically the same as tensioned flexible wires, keeping the rim true while supporting ...
Wire spokes are under tension, not compression, making it possible for the wheel to be both stiff and light. Early radially-spoked wire wheels gave rise to tangentially-spoked wire wheels, which were widely used on cars into the late 20th century. Cast alloy wheels are now more commonly used; forged alloy wheels are used when weight is critical.
A wobbly web wheel is a disc wheel with additional shaping, rather than a spoked wheel with merged spokes. To avoid stress concentrations, the webs form smooth curves rather than sharply defined spokes. Such wheels can be pressed from sheet steel, or cast in light alloy. Casting foundries prefer a disc that has a consistent wall thickness, as ...
For a normal wheel size and spoke count, only the latter is suitable for a wheel that has to transmit torque from the hub to the rim, as with rear wheels or hub brakes. This rule is occasionally broken where a very large number of spokes is used, or the wheel is unusually small in diameter, either of which reduces the amount of increased ...