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The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which people with limited competence in a particular domain overestimate their abilities. It was first described by David Dunning and Justin Kruger in 1999. Some researchers also include the opposite effect for high performers: their tendency to underestimate their skills.
The Dunning-Kruger effect is a form of illusory superiority shown by people on a task where their level of skill is low. A vast majority of the literature on illusory superiority originates from studies on participants in the United States.
The phenomenon is now known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. ... • A 2011 study found that scores on a test of verbal intelligence among 4- to 6-year-olds rose after only a month of music lessons.
Dunning–Kruger effect – Cognitive bias about one's own skill; Erikson's stages of psychosocial development – Eight-stage model of psychoanalytic development; Flow – Full immersion in an activity; Formula for change; Illusory superiority – Cognitive bias; Immunity to change – Method of self-reflection and mindset change
Dunning–Kruger effect; Einstellung effect; Endowment effect; Face superiority effect; False fame effect; False-consensus effect; False-uniqueness effect; Fan effect;
Overconfidence effect: Tendency to overly trust one's own capability to make correct decisions. People tended to overrate their abilities and skills as decision makers. [33] See also the Dunning–Kruger effect. Physical attractiveness stereotype: The tendency to assume people who are physically attractive also possess other desirable ...
The overconfidence effect is a well-established bias in which a person's subjective confidence in their judgments is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgments, especially when confidence is relatively high. [1] [2] Overconfidence is one example of a miscalibration of subjective probabilities.
Dunning–Kruger effect, the tendency for unskilled individuals to overestimate their own ability and the tendency for experts to underestimate their own ability. [ 78 ] Hot-cold empathy gap , the tendency to underestimate the influence of visceral drives on one's attitudes, preferences, and behaviors.