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Despite this low number of MSC's, isolated bone marrow nucleated cells implanted into degenerated human peripheral joints have shown some promise for joint repair. [16] As the number of MSC's that can be isolated from bone marrow is fairly limited, most research in cartilage regeneration has focused on the use of culture-expanded cells.
The healthy bone and cartilage are taken from areas of low stress in the joint so as to prevent weakening the joint. [11] Depending on the severity and overall size of the damage multiple plugs or dowels may be required to adequately repair the joint, which becomes difficult for osteochondral autografts. The clinical results may deteriorate ...
The surgery is performed by arthroscopy, after the joint is cleaned of calcified cartilage. Through use of an awl , the surgeon creates tiny fractures in the subchondral bone plate. [ 10 ] Blood and bone marrow (which contains stem cells ) seep out of the fractures, creating a blood clot that releases cartilage-building cells .
Articular cartilage is a connective tissue overlying the ends of bones that provides smooth joint surfaces. Healthy cartilage is essential to the proper functioning of joints within the body. Cartilage is composed of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycans.
Movement patterns that repetitively place weight on the knee joint—like running or weight lifting—bring cartilage gains. “Similar to a car, your joints require a lubricating fluid called ...
Immobilization for long periods can also result in cartilage damage. [citation needed] Articular cartilage does not usually regenerate (the process of repair by formation of the same type of tissue) after injury or disease leading to loss of tissue and formation of a defect. This fact was first described by William Hunter in 1743. [1]